Aeroplane



Ma 28, 1935- J. HoJNowsK| 2,002,740

AEROPLANE vFiled July ll, 1934 3 SheetS-Shee'b 1 May 28, 1935. 4 J. HoJNowsK| 2,002'740 AEROPLANE Filed July 11, 1934 3 Shee'S-Sheet 2 May 28, 1935. J. HoJNowsKl AEROPLANE Filed July ll, 1934 3 Sheets-Sheet 3 Patented May 28, 1935 UNITED srATEs PATENT OFFICE AEROPLNE Z Jakob Hojnowski, Nekoosa, Wis. Application Jury 11, 1934, serial Na` 734,660

8 o1zins- '(01. 244521) i This invention relates to certain new and useful improvements in aeroplanes. i i

The primary object of the invention is to provide'an aeroplane wherein the 'Wings are pro-` vided With ailerons at their meeting and trailing edges respectively moving downwardly and upwardly on hinge mountings and automatially operated to prevent nose dives. i Al further object of the invention-is to provid an aeroplane of the foregoing character wherein the ailerons are directly connected-with a movable part of the aeroplane, such asa movably mounted passenger or pilot carriage for instant operation of the ailerons. z

A still further object of the inventi n is'to provde a parachute attachment foraeroplanes WhereinV `a casing for the confined parachute has hinged covers with tensioned latch devices associated therewith for'retainingthe covers in closed condition with a sliding weighty such as a gasolene tank having cable connections With the tensionedlatches for release thereof When ;the weight or tank shifts'v in the presence of a nose dive position of the aeroplane topermit opening movement of the casing 'covers and release of the parachuteL' .i i

With the above .and other objects in view that Will'becorn appare'rit as 'the nature of the invention is better 'understood the same consists in the novel" form,' combination and arrangement of parts hereinafter more fully described, shown in the accompanying drawings and -claimed In'the' drawlngsz-li z j Figure 1 is a fragmentary top plan view, partly 'constructed in 'accordance with thepresent invention,` showing the p'ositive operatingconnection between the pilotor passenger carriage and laileron'swand the sliding Weight or gasolene tank 40 for the operation of the casing covers'torelease the parachute; i '4 i Figure 2 isa side elevational view, partly broken away and shown in Vsection to illustrate the tensioned latches containing the `hinged o overs of the parachute casingin closed position and the releasing ,meanstherefom Figure 3 is aflfragmentary elevational view of the sliding pilot or passengrer carriage showing the pim'on and gear Operating means'for the leading aileron and the arinopeating means for'the rear aileron; z 1' 1 w Figureyl is a fragmentary perspec'tive view, i partly in section of the sliding weight or gasolene tank; i

Figure 5 is a front elevationalview, partly brok'en away and shown i'section of an aeroplane s broken away andshown in section to illustrate the rack and pinion Operating mechanism` fort the leading aileron; i p

4Figure 6 is a side elevational view of` another form of aeroplane wherein the parachute casing 5 is located above' the fuselage and laterally posi-`. tioned propellers; p f w i Figure 7 is a detail elevational view of the sliding carriage shown in Fgure 6, carrying the operating means for the leading aileron;

Figure 8 is a detail elevational view of another form of Operating means 'for the leading-ailerons carried by the pilot or passenger carriage;

-Figure 9 is a rear elevational view of the sliding pilot or passenger carriage; i

Figure 10 is a side elevational view of another form of aeroplane having propellers laterally' of the fuselage and supported by the side Wings with a second pair of propellersrand motors therefor supported in housings carried by the lfuselage at opposite sides thereof; z

- Figure 11 is a fragmentary top plan view of the aeroplane shown in Figure 10, showing a sleeping or storage compartment at each side of the fuselage above thegwings;

Figure 12 is a detailelevationalview of the gasolene tank shiftably mounted upon the operaton of leading ailerons of the aeroplanes shown in Figures 10 andv 11; and

Figure 1 3 isa-fragmentary planlview, partly broken away and shown in section of the parachute and illustrating buoyant chambers or rings in the top of the parachute. i w i A shown in Figures 1 to 5, the aeroplane comprises a fuselage [5 having a forward'landing gear including Wheels [6 in housings ll and`` a 'rear skid 18. The fuselagejl carries a forwardly positioned. motor driven propeller IB, an elevator .20 adjacent its rear end and a cross Wing comprisingl Wing sections 2| extending laterally 40 v:at each side of. the fuselage |5 adjacent'the lower side thereof as shown in Figures 2 and 5.

`-wingV sections. The shaft 24 extends through the fuselage |5 as shown in Figuril While the shaft at the trailing edge of the Wing sections is formed in two parts With adjacent ends thereof extending into the fuselage. The operating means for the shafts 24V and 25 for moving the ailerons 22 and 23 to bring the aeroplane out of. a nose dive includes a shiftably mounted pilot or passenger carriage comprising a tread plate 26 shown in Figure 3 as provided with a seat 21 and carrying rollers 28 engaged With a base plate or track 29. A forwardly extending arm 30 is carried by each forward corner edge of the tread plate 26 and is provided on its upper side with rack teeth 3| meshing With a pinion 32 fixed to the shaft 24. The connection between the shiftably mounted passenger 'carriage and the rear shaft section 25 includes a rearwardly extending arm 33 carried by each rear: corner edge of the tread plate 26 that are pivotally connected at their rear ends as at 34 to an adjacent link 35 fixed to and rising frompthe adjacent shaft section 25. It Will thereforeV be seen that when the aeroplane enters a nose dive, the passengerV carriage will shift on its roller'mounting 28 over' the base plate or track 29 for the operation of the two shafts 24 and 25. To lower the forwardly positioned aileron 22 and to elevate the rearwardly positioned aileronsv 23 for bringing the aeroplaneoutiof'the nose dive, this operation being entirely automatic.

The elevatorrliv is also automatically operated by means o f a shiftablylmounted weight, such as the gasolene tank 36 shown more clearly in Figs. 1, 2 and 4, the .tank 36 being carriedzby a frame structure including longitudinally extending side ChannelsV 31 opening at their lower sides With rollers 38-journalled between the sides of the channel members' for .rolling contact with channel guides or tracks 39 within the fuselage 15. The connection between the gasolene tank 36 and the elevator 26 includes an arm -fixed to and projectingV forwardly of the pivot for the elevator, the forward end of the arm 46 having a cable 4| attached thereto and trainedV over a pulley 42 and thence directed forwardrly for attachment to the rear end of the tank 3.6.v .A second cable 43 is attached at one end to the free iend of the arm 46 and extends upwardly over vat 48 With the free edges thereof seating midway the opposite sides of the casing as shown in Figure 1. Tensioned closure latche's are associated With the hinged cover sectionsv'tl and include a pair of perpendicular journalled rods 49 land 56 positioned Vadjacent the meeting edgesr'of the hinged covers,v each of the rods carrying a latch 5| t o overlie the meeting'edges of the cover sections to retain them in closedposition, the rods fi9 and 56 being simultaneously operated by means ofthe link rod connection 52 between the lower ends thereof as shown in Figs. 1 and 2. The two rods 49' and 56 are rotatably tensioned for 'normally positioning' theV latch'heads 'Eli in' overlying relation 'to the meeting edges of the hinged cover sections 41 by means of a coil spring 53 fassociated With the rod 56 as shown in Figure .2.

As shown in Figure 1, an arm 54 projects laterally of the lower end of the rod 56 and is engaged at its outer free end by the head or roller 55 upon the free end of a lever 56 that is pivotally mounted at its other end as at 51. The cable 58 passing over the pulley 59 is attached at one end to the lever 56 and the other 'end passing over a guide rcller 66 adjacent the rear end of the fuselage is then forwardly directed for attachment to the rear end of the gasolene tank 36. When the gasolene tank 36 shifts or slides forwardly on its track When the aeroplane enters into a nose dive, a pull is exerted on the cable 58 for moving the lever 56 to release the arm 5d Whereby the spring 53 associated with the rod ii'causes both rods 69 and 56 to be rotated for shifting the latch head 5! laterally of the cover Sections li'l for the release of the parachute conned Within the casing 146 that may be manually accomplished, orv by means of. a gas holder associated with the parachute.

In the form of invention illustrated in Figures 6, 7 and 9 the fuselage 15 carries a shiftably mounted tread plate 26a carr'ying passenger seats 27a and also having forward arm extensions 36a provided with rack teeth 3m meshing With a pinion 32a. In lieu of the single forward propeller E9 shown in Figs. 1 to 5, there is provided a pair of lateral motors and propellers 16a carried by the side Wing Sections 21a. In this form of the invention the side Wing Sections 21a are provided with ailerons 22a at their forward meeting edges only that are operated by the rack and pinion devices shown in Fig. 7. Also, in this form of the invention, the parachute casing 26a, is superposed upon the upper side of the fuselage 15 and has a cable connection 58a for the operation of the hinged covers thereof of the sliding gasolene tank 36a. The passenger carriage shown in Figure 9 is provided with two rows of seats 21a.

In lieu of the rack and pinion drive as shown in Figures 3v and 7 for the operation of the ailerons at the leading-edges of the wings, the tread plate 26h of the passenger carriage as shown in Fgure 8 is provided With a forwardly extending arm 36h for attachment to the link 322) that is fiXed to the shaft 24h.

In the form of invention illustrated in Fguros 10 to 12, the fuselage E50 is provided With side Wings 2i0 in a plane adjacent the lower side of thefuselage and a housing 66 is superposed on each Wing adjacent the fuselage for use as a passenger compartment or for the storage of luggage or the like as shown at 6|. A nosing frame 52 is carried by the forward end of the fuselage |50 and includes a pair of laterally positioned open ended housings 63 in which motors are mounted for the operation of thepropellers 64. Another housing 65 is carried by each Wing section 250 at its forward edge adjacent the housing 66 for the support of a motor to drive the propellers 66. A gas tank 360 as shown in Figures 11 and 12 is associated with two motors at each side of the fuselage, the same being slidably mounted upon a track 590 and carrying a rearwardly directed arm 330 that is pivotally connected at its rear free end to an adjacent end of a link 550 fixed at its other end to the shaft 240 which forms a hinge bearing for the forwardly positioned ailerons 220.

As shown in Figure 13, the parachute 61 carries centrally of its upper end a plurality of concentric chambers or tubes 68 to contain heliiun or other light gas to aid the parachute in the ma A vention, it is believed that the construction and operation thereof will at once be apparent and while there are herein shown and described the preferred. embodiments of the invention, it is nevertheless to be understood that minor changes may be made therein without departing from the spirit and scope of the invention as claimed.

I claim:

1. In an aeroplane, a fuselage, a wing on the fuselage, dive controlling ailerons at the leading and trailing edges of Ithe Wing, an elevator at the rear end of the fuselage, a track in the fuselage, a wheeled weight on the track, a sliding passenger carrage in the fuselage, means forming direct connections between the sliding ciarriage and ailerons for operation thereof by movements of the carriage, including journalled shafts in the Wing to which the ailerons are attached, rack and pinion connections between one end of the carriage andia shaft, link arm connections between the other end of the carriage and the other shaft, cable connections between the wheeled'weight and elevator, a parachute casing having hinged covers, connected and tensioned latch rods for holding the covers in closed position, an arm projecting from one latch rod, and a lever for restraining the arm from movement having a cable connection with the wheeled weight for operation of the lever to release the arm.

2. In an aeroplane, a fuselage, a Wing on the fuselage, dive controlling ailerons hinged to the leading and trailing edges of the Wing, a sliding passenger carriage in the fuselage and means forming communication between the ailerons and carriage including ijournalled shafts for the support of the ailerons, pinions fixed to the forward shaft, rack bars on the carriage engaged with the pinions and link and lever connections between the carriage and rear shafts.

3. In an aeroplane, a fuselage, a Wing on the fuselage, dive controlling ailerons hinged to the leading and trailing edges of the Wing, a sliding passenger carriage in the fuselage and means forming communication between the ailerons and carriage including journalled shafts for the support of the ailerons, pinions fixed to the forward shaft, rack bars on the carriage engaged With the pinions and ,link and lever connections between the carriage and rear shafts, a parachute casing in the fuselage, having hinged covers, a pair of rods, each having a latch head engaged with the covers to retain them in closed position, a link and arm connection between the rods to effect simultaneous operation,` tensioning means for one rod for disengaging the latch heads from the covers, means for holding the latch heads engaged with the covers and a slide 'Weight in the fuselage connected to said means 

